Speech About Company

Speech about company is a unique type of a public presentation that is widely used in the business world. Company management usually appeals to the related speeches in order to persuade the employees of something or to motivate them. Besides, these speeches are used to announce the successful or failed results of the commercial year, to assign special benefits, risks, and consequences faced by the company during the specific period. The motivating speech about company is widely used with the aim to show the employees that their work is appreciated, and the company values their efforts. Dear friends! Today we are here in order to discuss the results of our hard work and cooperation that was directed particularly at the ultimate success. As we can see, the business results of our firm are great, and we appreciate that all of you considerably contributed to the development of the project that brought an unbelievable success to our company. First of all, we have to mention that effective collaboration and excellent dedication were two factors that significantly contributed to the development of the project and its positive consequences. Our company has been constantly developing during the past ten years. However, only now we can feel the results of this fruitful growth. The goals that we stated at the beginning of the year are achieved. Of course, these results were not just an accidental success but became a sequence of our mutual work. Every person standing here contributed to it and we are glad to inform that your achievements and devotion will be highly appreciated. We would like to express our gratitude to the supervisors of every operational group for useful appeals to creativity, knowledge, and experience. While analyzing the results that have been achieved during the implementation of the project, we came to the conclusion that our main strength is our employees. Your skills, abilities, and, of course, personal characteristics that include motivation and determination contributed to the economic expansion of our branches. However, I would like to inform that it is just a beginning, and what we have today is a start of our constant success. Tomorrow we will definitely face more challenges that should be turned into possibilities. It is a key to building a powerful corporation. I believe that you can perform your daily tasks better than you used to in order to show a supreme operational process. For my part, I can ensure that contribution of each employee will be maintained, and you will get fair reparation for the accomplished work. Today we are celebrating our victory and the beginning of a new era. We are officially the winners of the economic year, and we have to do our best in order to prove that we deserve such a noble status. Taking into consideration all the flow of the previous year and the results of the performed project, we can suggest that we will obtain a status of the international company in the closest time. Please remember that you are free to express your opinion and to offer new promising projects. You are welcome to celebrate this great event, because you deserve it!

Past Before Us By Romila Thapar - 1357 Words

As pointed out by Romila Thapar in her book â€Å"Past before Us†, there are two types of historical traditions in ancient India, the embedded history and the external history. The embedded history comprises of the myths, fragmentary narratives from the Vedas, the epics such as the Mahabharata and the Ramayana and the genealogies whereas the externalized historical traditions consists of the chronicles of families, institutions and regions. It also includes the biographies of persons in authority and power or caritas and also historical dramas. The popular myths of the Itihasa-purana tradition often synopsize the features of what can be viewed as historical experience, the hero-lauds and eulogies were expanded and integrated into the epic literature. Complementary to this while the externalized history does draw upon the embedded history, but it has different primary concerns and narrates a different type of historical information. Thus historical biographies (carita literatur e) have their roots in hero-lauds and the epics. The family chronicles and vamsavalis integrate myths and genealogy to other events whereas chronicles regarding the state and institutions (aimed at recording the history of a specified area) have a different variant of the same myth incorporated in them. We therefore say that the embedded forms of history are more closely related to the lineage based societies and the externalized history was more inclined towards the state systems, institutions and theShow MoreRelatedWritten Sources13656 Words   |  55 PagesFaculty of Oriental Studies University of Social Sciences and Humanities Vietnam National University December, 2012 Abstract Historians have used different kinds of sources to reconstruct the narratives of the past or to create a complete and accurate picture of what happened in the past on such aspects as politics, economy, society, culture, religion and art. Their task is not easy and obviously, studying early Indian history also follows this principle. In fact, sources of ancient Indian historyRead MoreWritten Sources13665 Words   |  55 PagesFaculty of Oriental Studies University of Social Sciences and Humanities Vietnam National University December, 2012 Abstract Historians have used different kinds of sources to reconstruct the narratives of the past or to create a complete and accurate picture of what happened in the past on such aspects as politics, economy, society, culture, religion and art. Their task is not easy and obviously, studying early Indian history also follows this principle. In fact, sources of ancient Indian historyRead MoreA Summary On A Ã…Å¡ Oka Maurya1456 Words   |  6 Pagesit’s evident that AÅ›oka was so much more than a passive or secular emperor. Although Chandragupta Maurya did not define who his grandson was, he certainly had influence on him. Or if not directly on him, on his father and then onto AÅ›oka. Romila Thapar discusses the religious affiliation of Chandragupta early on in the foundation Mauryan dynasty. As Chandragupta accepted Jainism later on in life it became far more likely that his descendents would be interested in non-orthodox sects of religion

Digital Fortress Chapter 36 Free Essays

â€Å"Manual abort?† Susan stared at her screen, mystified. She knew she hadn’t typed any manual abort command-at least not intentionally. She wondered if maybe she’d hit the wrong sequence of keys by mistake. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Fortress Chapter 36 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Impossible,† she muttered. According to the headers, the abort command had been sent less than twenty minutes ago. Susan knew the only thing she’d typed in the last twenty minutes washer privacy code when she’d stepped out to talk to the commander. It was absurd to think the privacy code could have been misinterpreted as an abort command. Knowing it was a waste of time, Susan pulled up her ScreenLock log and double-checked that her privacy code had been entered properly. Sure enough, it had. â€Å"Then where,† she demanded angrily, â€Å"where did it get a manual abort?† Susan scowled and closed the ScreenLock window. Unexpectedly, however, in the split second as the window blipped away, something caught her eye. She reopened the window and studied the data. It made no sense. There was a proper â€Å"locking† entry when she’d left Node 3, but the timing of the subsequent â€Å"unlock† entry seemed strange. The two entries were less than one minute apart. Susan was certain she’d been outside with the commander for more than one minute. Susan scrolled down the page. What she saw left her aghast. Registering three minutes later, a second set of lock-unlock entries appeared. According to the log, someone had unlocked her terminal while she was gone. â€Å"Not possible!† she choked. The only candidate was Greg Hale, and Susan was quite certain she’d never given Hale her privacy code. Following good cryptographic procedure, Susan had chosen her code at random and never written it down; Hale’s guessing the correct five-character alphanumeric was out of the question-it was thirty-six to the fifth power, over sixty million possibilities. But the ScreenLock entries were as clear as day. Susan stared at them in wonder. Hale had somehow been on her terminal while she was gone. He had sent her tracer a manual abort command. The questions of how quickly gave way to questions of why? Hale had no motive to break into her terminal. He didn’t even know Susan was running a tracer. Even if he did know, Susan thought, why would he object to her tracking some guy named North Dakota? The unanswered questions seemed to be multiplying in her head. â€Å"First things first,† she said aloud. She would deal with Hale in a moment. Focusing on the matter at hand, Susan reloaded her tracer and hit the enter key. Her terminal beeped once. TRACER SENT Susan knew the tracer would take hours to return. She cursed Hale, wondering how in the world he’d gotten her privacy code, wondering what interest he had in her tracer. Susan stood up and strode immediately for Hale’s terminal. The screen was black, but she could tell it was not locked-the monitor was glowing faintly around the edges. Cryptographers seldom locked their terminals except when they left Node 3 for the night. Instead, they simply dimmed the brightness on their monitors-a universal, honor-code indication that no one should disturb the terminal. Susan reached for Hale’s terminal. â€Å"Screw the honor code,† she said. â€Å"What the hell are you up to?† Throwing a quick glance out at the deserted Crypto floor, Susan turned up Hale’s brightness controls. The monitor came into focus, but the screen was entirely empty. Susan frowned at the blank screen. Uncertain how to proceed, she called up a search engine and typed: SEARCH FOR: â€Å"TRACER† It was a long shot, but if there were any references to Susan’s tracer in Hale’s computer, this search would find them. It might shed some light on why Hale had manually aborted her program. Seconds later the screen refreshed. NO MATCHES FOUND Susan sat a moment, unsure what she was even looking for. She tried again. SEARCH FOR: â€Å"SCREENLOCK† The monitor refreshed and provided a handful of innocuous references-no hint that Hale had any copies of Susan’s privacy code on his computer. Susan sighed loudly. So what programs has he been using today? She went to Hale’s â€Å"recent applications† menu to find the last program he had used. It was his E-mail server. Susan searched his hard drive and eventually found his E-mail folder hidden discreetly inside some other directories. She opened the folder, and additional folders appeared; it seemed Hale had numerous E-mail identities and accounts. One of them, Susan noticed with little surprise, was an anonymous account. She opened the folder, clicked one of the old, inbound messages, and read it. She instantly stopped breathing. The message read: TO: [email protected] FROM: [email protected] GREAT PROGRESS! DIGITAL FORTRESS IS ALMOST DONE. THIS THING WILL SET THE NSA BACK DECADES! As if in a dream, Susan read the message over and over. Then, trembling, she opened another. TO: [email protected] FROM: [email protected] ROTATING CLEARTEXT WORKS! MUTATION STRINGS ARE THE TRICK! It was unthinkable, and yet there it was. E-mail from Ensei Tankado. He had been writing to Greg Hale. They were working together. Susan went numb as the impossible truth stared up at her from the terminal. Greg Hale is NDAKOTA? Susan’s eyes locked on the screen. Her mind searched desperately for some other explanation, but there was none. It was proof-sudden and inescapable: Tankado had used mutation strings to create a rotating cleartext function, and Hale had conspired with him to bring down the NSA. â€Å"It’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Susan stammered. â€Å"It’s†¦ not possible.† As if to disagree, Hale’s voice echoed from the past: Tankado wrote me a few times†¦ Strathmore took a gamble hiring me†¦ I’m getting out of here someday. Still, Susan could not accept what she was seeing. True, Greg Hale was obnoxious and arrogant-but he wasn’t a traitor. He knew what Digital Fortress would do to the NSA; there was no way he was involved in a plot to release it! And yet, Susan realized, there was nothing to stop him-nothing except honor and decency. She thought of the Skipjack algorithm. Greg Hale had ruined the NSA’s plans once before. What would prevent him from trying again? â€Å"But Tankado†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Susan puzzled. Why would someone as paranoid as Tankado trust someone as unreliable as Hale? She knew that none of it mattered now. All that mattered was getting to Strathmore. By some ironic stroke of fate, Tankado’s partner was right there under their noses. She wondered if Hale knew yet that Ensei Tankado was dead. She quickly began closing Hale’s E-mail files in order to leave the terminal exactly as she had found it. Hale could suspect nothing-not yet. The Digital Fortress pass-key, she realized in amazement, was probably hidden somewhere inside that very computer. But as Susan closed the last of the files, a shadow passed outside the Node 3 window. Her gaze shot up, and she saw Greg Hale approaching. Her adrenaline surged. He was almost to the doors. â€Å"Damn!† she cursed, eyeing the distance back to her seat. She knew she’d never make it. Hale was almost there. She wheeled desperately, searching Node 3 for options. The doors behind her clicked. Then they engaged. Susan felt instinct takeover. Digging her shoes into the carpet, she accelerated in long, reaching strides toward the pantry. As the doors hissed open, Susan slid to a stop in front of the refrigerator and yanked open the door. A glass pitcher on top tipped precariously and then rocked to a stop. â€Å"Hungry?† Hale asked, entering Node 3 and walking toward her. His voice was calm and flirtatious. â€Å"Want to share some tofu?† Susan exhaled and turned to face him. â€Å"No thanks,† she offered. â€Å"I think I’ll just-† But the words got caught in her throat. She went white. Hale eyed her oddly. â€Å"What’s wrong?† Susan bit her lip and locked eyes with him. â€Å"Nothing, â€Å"she managed. But it was a lie. Across the room, Hale’s terminal glowed brightly. She’d forgotten to dim it. How to cite Digital Fortress Chapter 36, Essay examples

Scope and limitation of a Hotel Reservation System Essay Example For Students

Scope and limitation of a Hotel Reservation System Essay Scope and Limitation for Online Reservation System Femar Garden Resort and Hotel still uses a manual procedure in keeping records of their clients and past, current and upcoming reservation of event and rooms. In making a reservation the client must fill-up some forms such as waiver/ gatepass and the reservation form before proceeding to the cashier for payment. This type of process best applies to walk-in customers only since they have the privilege of looking around the rooms and facilities. As for phone call reservation same process applies but it takes more time because of too many inquiries and uestion, and because it is not a face-to-face transaction error is inevitable. With the use of online reservation system created by the proponents, this will help the company in updating and improving their current system. The company will have their own website with a user-friendly interface wherein customers can easily book a room or plan an event through online giving them a more easy way and hassle free reservation. Since their records are only kept in a filing cabinet it can easily be access by any staff in the company, the online system will feature a registration and security module. This registration module will allow every level of access to register to the system administrators and customers. The adding of new customers in the database will be done by filing up an application form which will be recorded to the database and the proposed system will automatically generate an ID number that will also serve as proof that they are a registered user. The user will then give personal information such as name, address, age, contact numbers and email address. In addition, this module will also verify if the user has an existing record and will prompt a message hat the user account already exists and if not, it will be recorded to the database. In terms of security, the proposed system will include a log-in form. This will have two levels of access. The first will be the administrator of the system and the customer for the second level of access. The authorized users will have a unique username and password, at least six to twelve characters long and case sensitive. The user will be allowed three consecutive times of entering an invalid user name and password combination. If ever the user exceeded the number of times in entering he invalid password, forgot password which will generate a new password and send an email containing their log-in details to the registered e-mail address on their account. 1 As for booking/planning an event, user will have the ability to manage and choose the rooms they need and will allow them to set the date and time depending on its availability. In addition to that they can also make a reservation for a certain type of events and add any additional services that they might need providing that there reservation. When reserving for a room the client must fill-up a form provided ithin the site, he/she must indicate the date of the reservation, the number of adults and the number children before submitting the form. Same goes for planning an event, the user is required to fill-up a form, he/she has must chose a type of event packages offered by the resort, indicate the target date of the event and the possible number of visitors. After submitting the form a notification message will be sent to the email address of the client confirming that the reservation is successfully made, the otification will include details about the reservation, its total amount, and the deadline of the reservation. .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d , .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d .postImageUrl , .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d , .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d:hover , .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d:visited , .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d:active { border:0!important; } .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d:active , .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u87e93527889526c3a866064a943f3f5d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homeless What has been done to decrease the proble EssayFifty percent of the total amount must be deposited to the bank account of the resort for the down-payment before the deadline of the reservation for it assurance, and the other fifty percent can be paid on the exact date of the vent. Once the down-payment is receive by the company, another notification message will be sent including the reservation ID of the clients, the detail of the reservation, the total amount paid and the balance of the lient. This will also serve as a gate pass for the clients when they came-in to the resort. 2 Cancelation of any reservation can be made a day before the target date, no refunds for the clients who already deposited their down-payment. The log-in module is the registered user way of gaining access to the additional content of the website not available to unregistered guest. The monitoring module will display an overview of the system, the administrator is the only authorized person to view and manipulate the content of this module. The report module displays all the past, present and upcoming reservations/ events held in the resort which can be viewed in a month or week display. This will also generate a report about which month has the most reservation made, reservations/events that has been cancelled either by the client or terminated by the system and what type of event packages is usually availed by their clients. In file maintenance administrator can edit, update and add new offers to their system, updating of account user is also included. The Help/Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) module answers the often encountered problems by the users and it also includes the location map of the resort. The about module contains information about the resort, packages offered. The proponents will be using PHP 5 as the front-end and MySQL as the back-end in this system. The proponents chose PHP because of its open source in addition to that it also runs on different platforms compatible with almost all servers used today. The Proponents chose MySQL 5 as the data source because it is flexible and allows quick development in the database and it is free to download. The use of a domain name over the internet will also be required to successfully implement the online reservation. There will be assigned personnel in order to develop the said proposed system such as the researcher, analyst and programmer. The proponents created company but it is not included in the reservation form, the client can only reserved the room and packages displayed in the website. Asking for any add-ons must be done directly to any authorized person in the company. If the user is not registered member no possible transaction can be done other than viewing the whole website, n terms of client inquiry the administrator can only send a reply to any message sent by the client at a given time. Payment for the reservation made is not include in the system, the customer must personally pay through visiting the resort or depositing their payment to the companys bank account which is displayed in the site. The admin can only update/edit the price for each room and function halls but he/she cant edit the content of other modules such us the about module, other services and rates. Also there is no audit trail included in the system. Hotel reservation system With the use of online reservation system created by the proponents, this will help the company in updating and improving their current system. The company will have This registration module will allow every level of access to register to the system administrators and customers. The adding of new customers in the database will be done by filing up an application form which will be recorded to the database and the proposed system will automatically generate an ID number that will also serve as proof that they are a registered user. .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533 , .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533 .postImageUrl , .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533 , .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533:hover , .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533:visited , .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533:active { border:0!important; } .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533:active , .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533 .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2971706ee092a045c1d0563640902533:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Y2k (1484 words) EssayThe user will then give personal nformation such as name, address, age, contact numbers and email address. When reserving for a room the client must fill-up a form provided within the site, he/ she must indicate the date of the reservation, the number of adults and the number children before submitting the form. After submitting the form a notification message will be sent to the email address of the client confirming that the reservation is successfully made, the notification will include details about the reservation, its total amount, and he deadline of the reservation. Fifty percent of the total amount must be The proponents created system also has its limitation. The system only resort. displays other services offered by the company but it is not included in the reservation form, the client can only reserve the room and packages displayed in the website. If the user is not registered member no possible transaction can be done other than viewing the whole website, in terms of client inquiry the administrator can only send a reply to any message sent by the client at a given time.

White Elephants Essay Example For Students

White Elephants Essay The short story Hills like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway is comparable to The Secret Life of Walter Mitty by James Thurber. Both authors use a wide array of techniques in order to develop the complicated relationship between the characters in the story. In The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Thurber talks about a character, Mitty, that attempts to escape from his controlling, manipulative, and annoying wife by daydreaming. Conversely, in Hills Like White Elephants Hemingway discusses the relationship of an unacquainted, peculiar, and alcoholic couple that faces a tough decision on abortion, but keep finding distraction in order to run away from the decision. In essence, Thurber and Hemingway discuss the same concepts of relationship difficulties; and in order to develop these ideas they use strong visual imagery, powerful diction, pathos, and outstanding symbols that describe the story better than explicit description. Ultimately, it has the effect of creating ambiguity and therefore, engaging the reader into the story. We will write a custom essay on White Elephants specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Both Hemingway and Thurber start their short story without any context, rather with a strong display of visual imagery, responsible for giving a hidden summary. For instance, in Hills Like White Elephants it is possible to deduce that Hemingway attempted to make the setting a summary of the story itself. Particularly, when Hemingway communicates that the characters are located in between two lines of rails in the sun (Hemingway 170). Hemingway illustrates the characters dilemma of having two options through the image of the two lines of rails. Finally, the sun is mentioned, creating an image of a place that is hot and therefore hard to concentrate as will happen during the characters argument. Similarly, in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, Thurber makes the effective decision of introducing Mitty as having a thin ice breaking, voice and wearing a full- dress uniform with heavily braided white cap pulled down rakishly (Thurber 545). The emphasis on the description of Mitty during his daydream is vital because it creates an image that both serves to show what he aspires to be, as well as presents foreshadowing for Mittys constant dreams with his authoritative self. On the whole, the usage of visual imagery ends up smoothly and indirectly giving a summary of the story. Later, as the story progresses the authors start to use other techniques in order to show the type of relationship that exists between the characters. In order to portray the troublesome relationships between the characters in the stories the authors use powerful hostile diction during their conversations. In Hills Like White Elephants, it is possible to note the harsh tone among characters when the man says, Just because you say I wouldnt have doesnt prove anything (Hemingway 171). The diction of the phrase, doesnt prove anything is the strongest example of diction because in that moment it becomes clear the mans distrust for the woman, and the bases for their dysfunctional relationship. Nevertheless, in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Thurber uses the same techniques, like when Mitty says that his own wife seemed grossly unfamiliar (Thurber 545). The unsympathetic words grossly unfamiliar serve the effect of showing Mittys disproval of his wifes actions and attitude towards him. Hence, it becomes possible to affirm that both of the authors use subtle words in the characters conversation, allowing readers to get to the sense that the characters have a wearisome relationship. The authors also use those carefully placed words in order to show how persuasive the other characters can be. In both of the short stories the authors use, negative connotation and pathos in the dialogues between characters in order to better transmit the idea that persuasion can often lead to problems among people. In Hills Like White Elephants the man tries to persuade the girl that if she has the abortion, than it will be perfectly natural (Hemingway 171). The connotation of the word natural in the sentence suggests he will not have any connection to her, that he will be able to move on. This is his motivation, and why girl is so terrified about having it. Additionally, in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty when Mittys wife says, You re not a young man any longer(Thurber 545). The connotation of the word younger functions to state that Mitty is no longer a vigorous man; he has lost his manhood. .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164 , .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164 .postImageUrl , .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164 , .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164:hover , .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164:visited , .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164:active { border:0!important; } .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164:active , .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164 .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u77a090cc009f43a506d801494ed04164:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Literary Analysis of Masque of the Red Death EssayThe authors use pathos and diction, as a way of showing how Mittys wife and the man persuade the others of something they believe is morally correct. Lastly, the authors choice of diction has the effect of emphasizing the aggressive tone during the persuasion and appealing to the characters emotions. The use of negative connotation will justify the characters attitudes later on, of trying to avoid their problems. Both authors use cautiously placed symbols in order to show the characters avoiding their problems. In the story Hills Like White Elephants the characters find themselves in the midst of a discussion related to abortion. However, they are not able to come to an agreement because the train arrives, and they are forced to up the two bags and them around the station (Hemingway 173). That moment highlights clearly that the two bags become a symbol for the decision because even though they have been saved from making the decision they are still forced to have their baggage with them. Likewise, in The Secret Life of Walter Mitty Mitty sees himself the firing squad; erect and motionless, proud and disdainful(Thurber 550). This description reveals that Thurber used the firing squad as a symbol for the solution of Mittys problems, which would be death, even if it is only a psychological one. Therefore, it becomes clear through the well-placed symbols, of bags and firing squad that the characters problems need to be faced. Both Thurber and Hemingway effectively use strong visual imagery, powerful diction, pathos, and outstanding symbols to transmit their ideas, about, for example, that if avoided problems will always haunt people and in particular, troublesome relationships. Ultimately, the main reason for the success of both Hemingway and Thurber was the fact that they were showing the stories rather than just telling it. This, technique allow the story to be more intriguing and engaging since it creates ambiguity and therefore leave room for different interpretations of the works. Ambiguity is important because it permits the reader to draw several different conclusions from the same excerpt and at the same time the author to communicate several different themes.

People Of Gilded Age Essays - Philip Sheridan, Gilded Age

People Of Gilded Age Essays - Philip Sheridan, Gilded Age People Of Gilded Age After the Civil War had ended, several soldiers had returned home to find their places of living destroyed. Most of these people returned to practically nothing. The United States had to rebuild itself, and this rebuilding was called Reconstruction. Today historians refer to this era of reconstruction as the part of the Gilded Age. Many people had to pickup and start all over again, while others continued their quests of expanding. Expanding by taking control over the land or by expanding their beliefs, either way lives of these people reflected the social tensions of the Gilded Age. Philip H. Sheridan, who was one of the heroes of the Civil War, was a soldier who had started his career on the frontier and would return there after the war to help the United States in expanding its territory by having to combat many Native Americans in doing so. Sheridan was an extremely important person who helped conquer the frontier. Sheridan believed in the freeing of black slaves, and decided that he would help protect the blacks now that they were free. He expresses his opinion about what is done to black people in Texas by commenting that the black codes are a policy of gross injustice toward the colored people on the part of the courts, and a reign of lawlessness and disorder ensued.(10) Sheridans defense of the black cause much tension in his life, in Texas, that he was later reassigned to command the Department of the Missouri. (11) In 1869 when Grant had became President; he appointed Sheridan lieutenant governor and command of the Division of Missouri. Sheridans past o n tactics for attacking the Indians made him the best man for the job in defending the western frontier. Much of Sheridans life involved being enrolled in the army and defending the frontier. He is also known for the quote The only good Indian is a dead Indian, which he became synonymous with. (13) Sheridans life practically evolved around the Indian warfare and the tensions that surrounded it. His ethics and tactics of Indian warfare were often questioned, leaving him to defend himself against his critics quite often. Another lifestyle that had taken on the challenges of living a successful life was that of being a doctor. Susan LaFleshe Picotte was one of these doctors; but for Susan to be a successful doctor, she had to overcome many more obstacles than other people did. As you see, becoming a doctor is one difficult task at hand, but being a woman who was Indian was another. Susan was a Siouan-speaking Omaha, who had migrated to Nebraska because of the Indian Removal Act of 1830. (24) Susans life was different than the rest of the people in her tribe; she was one of the firsts not to have any piercing or any tattoos as Indians did back then. One other unique characteristic of Susan was that she wanted to continue her education to eventually become a physician. So on October 12, 1850 Susan was accepted to the Womans Medical College of Pennsylvania. (26) She finished her schooling and soon became the physician of her old reservation. Susan did anything she could to help her patients, including go ing house to house from sunrise to sunset providing care for her patients. Susan was up to her knees in patients and was taking care of all of the 1,244 tribal members on the reservation. (28) She was an extremely hard working woman of this age. Susan had to deal with other problems other than medicinal purposes. She had to deal with the fact that her tribe was constrained to its reservation. Susan also had to overcome the tensions at home and on the reservation with liquor, for she believed that it was one of the leading causes of death even before her husband succumbed to the effects. (32) Susan became politically involved and helped her tribe as much as possible, it must had been very difficult for someone of her stature to be looked at differently for her race and not for who she was. Sarah Christie Stevens was another woman who had to overcome adversity and survive in a mans world. Sarah was a

BOLERO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BOLERO - Essay Example Structurally, the bolero is an all mediums straightforward composition. It composes of the C major, Â ¾ times beginning in a pianissimo and a continuously rising crescendo to possible fortissimo (Asada and Ohgushi 242). Rhythm is built over the unchanging ostinato rhythm. It is played through one or more snare drums in consistence throughout the musical piece. Further rhythm is created by the created two melodies each of 18 bars duration, and they are each played two times at alternating moves. The first melody is of a diatonic mode and descends through one octave while the second is of a Phrygian mode and descends through two octaves. Moreover, there is a maintained constant re-orchestration of the theme culminating to steady crescendo and varieties of timbers both of which repeat over and over; a series of 8 and 9 times for the second and the first theme respectively. The major C with a minor key complementary refrain repeats over and over, consistent to the insistent beat of a si de drum The dynamics of the Bolero starts off remarkably quiet and gradually increases as the mood gradually increases in tension for over 15 minutes (Stevens 2001). The speed of tonation and movement is fairly moderate throughout the music. This is attributed to the use of repeated same melodies, but played on different instruments, and more instruments are added as it proceeds to a dramatic climax. The color scheme hugely varies; burying the available tonal center and it goes a considerable time before closing an arc and returning back to the primary color. Phrasing in the bolero is neither definable as asymmetrical or symmetrical in that it changes over and over in sudden lapses. It constitutes of the same form that recurs over and over, but with no distinct formula. Some parts are symmetrical while others are just asymmetrically mixed. The bolero is one of

Should Texting Be Ban During Driving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should Texting Be Ban During Driving - Essay Example 2008) According to a CBS News correspondent Kelly (2009), the issue of mobile phone usage while driving has been a heated one over the time. In the United States, a split over the cell phone policy became evident when the Republican Senator Wagner, D-Chopee and the chair of the committee, Steven Baddour proposed to have a bill (H 3354), aimed at regulating cell phone usage within a car, with lawmakers and advocates terming the practice as the "new drunk driving." He also stated that all states needed to emulate the six States that have banned cell phone usage while driving, i.e. New Jersey, New York, California, Connecticut, Washington and Utah. This is not to mention the thirteen States that have completely banned text messaging for all drivers, i.e. Arkansas, Alaska, Colorado, California, Louisiana, Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, Minnesota, Utah, Tennessee, Washington and Virginia. (Kelly Cobiella, June 11, 2009) Jackson (2008) commented, "The American Insurance Association's members are responsible for handling 20% of the bay State auto insurance market". The association has declared that it supports the bills seeking to ban text messaging while driving, using an earpiece or speakerphone on a mobile phone, as well as banning of any use of any mobile phone for drivers under the age of 18 years. The Statehouse News Service also reported on the 11th of June that twenty five people had been killed in a train collision the previous fall, which included the train driver who had been spotted sending text messages moments before the fatal crash. The person who had spotted him was a student, who said, "Even if you take your eyes off the road for two seconds, you could drive off the road or hit another car". (Jackson, Maggie 2008, pg 111-115) Scope of Use of Cell Phone Texting In the today's world, text messaging is the most widely used data service, with over 35% of all mobile phone users in America, or over 4.5 million out of over 8 million phone subscribers at the end of 2007 being active users of the short message services. In the same time, other countries like Finland, Norway and Sweden have over 72% of the population using the short message services (SMS). In Europe, an average of 85% by the end of 2007 and North America rapidly catching up at over 56% of active SMS users, clearly shows the scope of use of the service. This coupled with the 2001, Global Messaging Survey by Nokia indicate how addictive text messaging can be. (Gogging and Peterson 2008) Other studies have been carried out by the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium in 2004, and others by the University of Queensland in Australia, which concluded that text messaging is the most addictive digital service on mobile or internet, even to the levels of addictiveness experienced by cigarette smokers, where the user gets into a habit of text reception and a need to remain connected known as "reachability" .This habit has resulted in SMS becoming widely used in delivering digital content such as news

Assignment 9 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

9 - Assignment Example However, in your case, a false positive happened, wherein customers are inconvenienced, when their cards are temporarily suspended. We do not automatically suspend accounts, however, and we make sure that our customer care representatives call customers first before doing it. However, when customers are travelling abroad, it becomes harder to call them. Other customers have been inconvenienced by false positives too, much to our dismay, but our system has benefits and safeguards too that we must consider. First, the system is working. Our fraud rate has dropped from 15 centavos to 6 centavos for every $100. This means that we are also saving customers from the stress and inconvenience of having their available credit decreased or even depleted. Moreover, we have established safeguards against false positives. We advise you to call customer service at 1-800-553-0321 before travelling, in order to ensure smooth card transactions. You can also call the same number in case you experience other related problems. In addition, we are also working on reducing false positives in the system. We are identifying these trends and including them in purchases that must not be tagged for suspension. For more inquiries and concerns, you can e-mail us at  AskVisaUSA@visa.com. You can also access this website to see all our toll-free numbers in different countries:

Review Pain Management For Neonates Health And Social Care Essay

Review Pain Management For Neonates Health And Social Care Essay Review of literature is defined as a critical summary of review on a topic of interest, often prepared to put a research problem in contest (Polit Beck,2006). The review of literature in the research report is a summary of current knowledge about a particular practice problem and includes what is known and not known about the problem. The literature is reviewed to summarize knowledge for use in practices or to provide a basis for conducting a study (Burns, 1997). This study examined the effects of Expressed Breast Milk (EBM) on behavioural response related to venepuncture in neonates. From the collected review of various associated literature and research studies, topics can be divided as follow; Section A: Studies related to pain perception of neonates. Section B: Studies related to non pharmacological pain management for neonates. Section C: Studies related to expressed breast milk on pain management. Section D: Studies related to using breast milk in other conditions. Section A: Studies Related To Pain Perception of Neonates. Brenda Clain Zeev Kain (2005) stated in a study which was conducted in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit to assess the need for improved pain relief measures for neonates. The neurotransmitters and structures required for pain sensation as well as structures needed for long-term memory are developed adequately in the neonate and thus have the potential to affect long-term outcomes. The study indicated that the number of procedures to which each infant was exposed ranged from 0 to 53 per day. On a scale of 0 to 10, the average pain score in these infants ranged from 1.7 for a diaper change to 8.9 for endotracheal intubation. The investigators indicated also that approximately 40% of all neonates did not receive any analgesia at all during the intensive care stay. These findings point to the continuous need to educate the medical community regarding the long-term outcomes of pain management in neonates. In conclusion, the current research in neonatal pain makes it clear that agg ressive pain control in the neonate is desirable not only for the management of current pain but also for protection from pain experiences to come. Ann Victoria Myron, Denise Poirier Maguire Jane Corrigan wandel (2004) conducted a study on pain perception in the neonate at Bostons Beth Isreal Hospital. Routine neonatal circumcision is still performed in most centers without the benefit of anesthesia. Newborns were frequently not given analgesic or anesthetic agents during invasive procedures, including surgery. The researcher concluded that the neuro chemical systems now known to be associated with pain transmission and modulation are intact and functioning in newborns. Moreover, although it is unclear that a neonate subjectively experiences pain in a manner similar to older children and adults, there is evidence of physiologic and perhaps even a psychological form of stress in premature or full-term neonates in response to painful stimuli. Dodds (2003) conducted a survey on neonatal procedural pain among nursing staff in childrens hospital research centre, USA. A total of twenty one neonatal nursing staff were selected and administered a self completion questionnaire to investigate about attitude towards neonatal pain assessment, pharmacological and non pharmacological management of pain. The result showed that 48% of nurses using pain assessment tool and for pharmacological management 66% of nurses using non-nutritive sucking for pain management but other non pharmacological methods are rarely used. Ivy Rouzan (2001) did an analysis of research and clinical practice in neonatal pain management. The purpose of the trial was to review the literature on neonatal pain management with a focus on historical misconceptions, ethical issues, barriers to practice, the role of the advanced practice nurse. Health care professionals agree that neonates experience pain and in turn deserve effective treatment. Research is controversial regarding the extent of pain management necessary in relation to short-term benefits and long-term consequences. Ethical issues arise when research supporting pain management is not consistently utilized in nursing practice. Section B: Studies Related To Non-Pharmacological Pain Management For Neonates. Brenda Golianu et al (2007) conducted a study on efficacy of non-pharmacological therapies for neonatal pain management. A number of non pharmacological therapies have been investigated, including nonnutritive sucking with and without sucrose use, swaddling or facilitated tucking, kangaroo care, music therapy, and multi-sensorial stimulation. The researcher concluded that even though the efficacy of these approaches is clearly evident, they cannot provide analgesia for moderate or severe pain in the neonate, non-pharmacological therapies can be used for minor pain management in neonates. Cignacco et al (2007) reviewed thirteen randomized controlled trials to identify the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in the management of procedural pain in preterm and term neonates. A literature search was conducted via the MedLine, CINAHL, Cochrane Library databases and complemented by a hand search. The literature search covered the period from 1984 to 2004. Data were extracted according to pre-defined criteria by two independent reviewers and methodological quality was assessed. The selected interventions were non-nutritive sucking, music, swaddling, positioning, olfactory and multisensorial stimulation, kangaroo care and maternal touch. The researcher concluded that some of the non-pharmacological interventions such as non-nutritive sucking, swaddling and facilitated tucking had shown favourable effect on pulse rate, respiration, oxygen saturation, reduction of motor activity, and on excitation states after invasive measures. A study was conducted by Eunsook Park (2007) on pain reduction of heel stick procedure among ninety-nine healthy neonates. The purpose of this study was to find the effect of Yakson (i.e. a traditional Korean touching method) and non-nutritive sucking (NNS) on reducing the pain that neonates experience when undergoing the heel stick procedure for blood testing. The study samples were assigned into three groups: group I Yakson (n = 33), group II NNS (n = 33), and group III control group (n = 33). Intervention was provided to the Yakson and NNS groups one minute prior to heel stick till the completion of the heel stick. For the Yakson group, a researcher caressed the belly of a neonate with one hand while supporting the back with the other hand. For the NNS group, a pacifier packed with sterile gauze was put in the neonates mouth. The oxygen saturation levels in the Yakson and NNS group neonates were maintained significantly better than in the control group neonates. There was no signi ficant difference between the groups with regard to heart rate and neonatal infant pain, which was measured using Neonatal Infant Pain Scale. Findings indicated that Yakson can be used during heel stick to help neonates to maintain their oxygen saturation level following the heel stick procedure. A prospective trial was performed by Karen Corff (2006) to identify the effectiveness of facilitated tucking, a non-pharmacologic nursing intervention, as a comfort measure in modulating preterm neonates physiologic and behavioral responses to minor pain among thirty preterm neonates belonging to the age group of 25-35 weeks of gestation at Edmond. The objective of the study was that premature neonates will have less variation in heart rate, hemoglobin, oxygen saturation, shorter crying, sleep disruption times, and less fluctuation in sleep states in response to the painful stimulus of a heel-stick with facilitated tucking than without facilitated tucking. In this study, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and sleep state were recorded 12 minutes before, during, and 15 minutes after two heel-sticks, one with and one without facilitated tucking. Neonates demonstrated a lower mean heart rate six to ten minutes post-stick (p Yajai Sitthimongkol et al (2005) did a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of non-pharmacological pain management in reducing pain from heel stick blood sampling in newborns. A number of non-pharmacological pain management interventions which includes swaddling , positioning, holding and rocking, nonnutritive sucking, breast milk or breast feeding, and oral sucrose had been used to reduce pain from heel stick in preterm and full term neonates. The researcher concluded that preterm neonates who were arranged in a side-lying or supine position with flexed arms and legs close to the infants trunk demonstrated a lower mean heart rate, a shorter mean crying time, a shorter mean sleep disruption time, and fewer sleep-state changes after the heel stick procedure. Carbajal (2004) investigated the effectiveness of oral sucrose in alleviating procedural pain. The hypothesis of this study was that non-pharmacological interventions can reduce neonatal pain indirectly by reducing the total amount of noxious stimuli to which infants are exposed directly, by blocking nociceptive transduction or transmission or activation of descending inhibitory pathways or by activating attention and arousal systems that modulate pain. The researcher administered one to two milliliter of oral sucrose or 30% glucose at two minutes before a minor painful procedure in term neonates or neonates weighing more than 2500 gm. For preterm neonates weighing less than 2500gm, 0.5 ml of oral sucrose or 30% glucose and for those weighing less than 1500gm, 0.3 ml of oral sucrose or 30%glucose was administered. The researcher concluded that when newborns were given pacifier with sweet solutions had synergistic effect in alleviating minor procedural pain. Section C: Studies Related To Expressed Breast Milk On Pain Management In Neonates. Elodie Zana (2009) conducted a randomized controlled study on analgesic effect of breast milk for procedural pain among forty two preterm infants. The hypothesis of this study was that breast milk has a more powerful analgesic effect than oral sucrose to avoid procedural pain in preterm neonates. The researcher used a standardized and validated pain scale by Douleur Aigue Nouveau-ne scale (DAN scale).In this study GroupI (Breast milk) and Group II (Oral sucrose) received as analgesic product to avoid procedural pain. The study had shown that breast milk has more powerful analgesic effect than oral sucrose to alleviate procedural pain by using percentage frequency of DANs scale score. A study on heel lance in newborn during breast feeding; an evaluation of analgesic effect of this procedure among 200 healthy full term newborns. for neonatal metabolic screening. Practices such as skin to skin contact, or breastfeeding, in healthy newborn, may represent an alternative to the use of analgesic drugs. The aim of the study is to evaluate the analgesic effect of breastfeeding due to routine invasive procedures like capillary heel sticks blood sampling. Pain assessment was evaluated by DAN scale. The difference in score of pain according to the DAN scale was significant in the two groups of neonates (p = 0.0001); the median score of pain was 5.15 for controls and 2.65 for experimental group (newborns sampled during breastfeeding). The study results have shown the evidence of analgesic effect of breast feeding during heel puncture. ( Elena Uga et al ,2008). Shah, Aliwalas Shah (2006) conducted a trial on breastfeeding or supplemental breast milk to alleviate procedural pain in neonates, at Canada. A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and abstracts from the annual meeting of the society for pediatric research. Marked heterogeneity in terms of control intervention and pain assessment measures were noted among the studies. Premature Infant Pain Profile scores were significantly different between the breastfeeding group when compared to placebo group and the group positioned in mothers arms. Neonates in the breastfeeding group had statistically significant and shows less increase in the heart rate, reduced proportion of crying time and reduced duration of crying compared to swaddled group or pacifier group. Investigator concluded that the breast milk should be used to alleviate procedural pain in neonates. Emine Efe Sevim Savafler (2005) did a study on the use of breast feeding for pain relief during neonatal immunization injections at Antalya. The objective of this study was to examine the pain relieving effect of breast feeding during immunization injections in healthy neonates. Sixty six healthy neonates returning to a clinic for their second, third or fourth month immunization with intramuscular diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis were randomized into experimental group and control group. The experimental group received breast milk before, during and after the injection. The control groups were not fed by breast milk before injection according to routine clinic procedure. To assess the pain response of the neonates during and after immunization, the investigators noted their heart rates, oxygen saturation levels and length of crying. The crying time was shorter in the experimental (breast-feeding) group than in the control group .The heart rate and oxygen saturation levels were almo st the same in both groups. The study concluded that breast feeding, maternal holding, skin-to-skin contact significantly reduced crying in infants receiving an immunization injection for diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis. Phillips, Carolin, Michael (2005) compared the analgesic effects of breastfeeding or pacifier use with maternal holding in procedural pain 96 healthy term neonates. The purpose of study was to assess the differences in outcome measures caused by the effect of breastfeeding (maternal contact).Group I received breast milk, group II were held in the bed by their mothers while giving pacifier and group III neonates were held by the research assistants in bedside chairs while giving pacifier. All the neonates underwent heel lance blood sampling by a single performer. Neonates who were received breast milk (Group I) had shorter duration of cry than mothers held babies in their bed while giving pacifier (group II) while research assistant held infants in bedside chairs (group III). The outcomes measured were crying duration, percentage of infants crying, changes in the heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation. The study had shown breast milk is more analgesic than pacifier use with non-maternal holding. A study was conducted by Shendurnikar (2005) to compare the effects of breastfeeding to positioning (swaddling) in procedural pain. A total of 100 full term neonates were participated in the study. The neonates were randomized into two groups (50 neonates in each group).Infants in group one were breastfed for 15 minutes prior to heel prick. All neonates underwent heel lance procedure for clinical indication such as measurement of packed cell volume or bilirubin. The outcomes measured were behavioral (state of arousal, cry, facial expression and body movements), physiological (breathing pattern, heart rate). By using standardized pain scale composite score (non validated) between the two groups before, during and after blood collection were measured. Breast feeding group had shown effectiveness on alleviating procedural pain than swaddling group. Effect of foremilk and hind milk on simple procedural pain among sixty two healthy term neonates at Istanbul, Turkey. The neonates were randomized into three groups. Group I neonates received 2 ml of foremilk, group II hind milk and group III received sterile water. All neonates underwent heel lance blood sampling by single performer. The allocated solution was given by syringe into the babys mouth. The heel prick was performed two minutes after administration of the solution. Crying duration and heart rate changes at one, two, and three minutes were recorded from the time of the heel prick. The outcomes measured were crying time, percentage change in heart rate and Neonatal Facial Coding Score at one, two and three minutes. The study concluded that neither foremilk nor hind milk was effective in relieving procedural pain. (Uyan, 2005). Narayan, Upathayay, Aggarwal, Joshi, Paul Deorari (2004) investigated a randomized placebo controlled, double-blind trial on analgesic effect of EBM in procedural pain in term neonates. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of EBM in reducing pain due to venepuncture, in term neonates, as measured by behavioural and physiological observation. This trial involved eighty one full terms up to four weeks of neonatal age, who needed venepuncture for blood investigations. Two minutes before the venepuncture, forty babies received five ml of EBM in the experimental group, while forty one babies in control group received five ml of distilled water as placebo. Two observers who are blinded to the intervention recorded the physiological and behavioural parameters. The duration of crying was significantly shorter in babies fed with EBM than in those fed with distilled water . The mean duration of crying in EBM group was shorter by 70.7 seconds. The change in heart rate and oxyge n saturation was significantly lower in the EBM group and return to baseline values sooner than in the distilled water group. Schollin (2004) stated the analgesic effect of EBM on procedural pain in neonates. Prevention, treatment and assessment of neonatal pain have been of major clinical and scientific interest in the last decades. Non-pharmacological interventions such as sweet oral solutions are successful in pain relief. The study concluded that seven percentage of lactose in expressed breast milk was sufficient to alleviate procedural pain in neonates. Upadhyay (2004) compared the effects of supplemental breast milk with sterile water in procedural pain. This was a randomized controlled trial of 87 full term neonates. The infants were randomized into two groups. Venepuncture was performed based on clinical indications. Data from 81 infants were analyzed. The primary outcome was the duration of the cry after the venepuncture. Only five easily recordable parameters of the Neonatal Facial Coding Score (out of ten) were assessed by investigator. Data on heart rate, oxygen saturation were provided as mean and standard deviation at baseline and three minutes. The mean difference and standard deviation of the difference were calculated assuming 50% correlation between baseline and subsequent findings. The study concluded that supplemental breast milk was effective in reducing pain caused by venepuncture procedure. A randomized controlled trial investigated to compare the effects of breastfeeding to positioning, sterile water and 30% glucose in procedural pain. This was a of 180 term neonates. In that Group I received breast feeding, group II positioned in mothers arms, group III received sterile water and group IV were fed 30% glucose. The interventions were started two minutes before the procedure and continued throughout the procedure. Venepuncture was performed when infants were at least 24 hours of age and had not been fed for the previous 30 minutes. The primary outcome was measured by using Douleur Aigue Nouveau-ne scale (DAN), a behavioral scale developed to rate acute pain in term and preterm neonates. The score comprised of three items namely facial expressions, limb movements, and vocal expression with values in each ranging from zero (no pain) to 10 (maximum pain). The study had shown breast feeding has effect on relieving procedural pain than positioning, sterile water and 30% gluc ose in term neonates. (Carbajal, 2003). Jatana, Dalal Wilson ( 2003) conducted study on analgesic effect of oral glucose in neonates undergoing heel punctures for collection of blood for investigations. The sample was 125 full term normal neonates with no history of birth asphyxia or underlying neurological abnormalities requiring heel punctures for collection of blood for various investigations were selected for the study. The study subjects of 125 neonates were divided into five groups of twenty five in each. One group comprised control subjects and was administered sterile water. Three groups were administered one ml of varying strengths of glucose solution i.e., 10%, 20% and 50% respectively. The last group was given one ml of EBM. Prior to heel pricks, state of arousal, baseline heart rate and transcutaneous oxygen saturation were recorded by pulse oximeter in each neonate. Increasing concentration of glucose and EBM have been found to have analgesic effect in full term neonates undergoing heel punctures for routine investigations and can probably be used to provide pain relief in other simple painful procedures. Larry Gray, Lisa Barbara (2002) investigated a randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of breastfeeding to positioning in procedural pain at University of Chicago, Illinois. A total of 30 full term neonates were included for this study. The neonates were randomized into two groups (15 neonates in each group).All neonates underwent heel lance for routine neonatal screening procedure. Mean neonatal age at procedure was 46 hours in Group I and 40 hours in Group II. The outcome of the study showed that there were significant differences in crying, grimacing and heart rate in breast feeding groups than positioning group. Thus the researcher concluded that breast feeding reduces procedural pain than positioning during blood collection procedure in neonates. Leite et al (2002) did a study on effects of breastfeeding on pain relief in full-term newborns. The sample of this randomized clinical trial study consisted of 60 full-term newborns: 31 in the experimental group and 29 in the control group. The experimental group was breastfed five minutes before, during, and for five minutes after the blood collection procedure. Neonates in the control group were held in mothers arms but not fed or given a soother. Heart rate was considered as an index of arousal. Sucking frequency was only evaluated in the experimental group. Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly lower scores and heart rates changes. In the experimental group sucking frequency was highest during the first five minutes of breastfeeding before the procedure. The conclusion was that breastfeeding was effective in reducing pain caused by blood collection for newborn screening. Mathi, Natarajan Rajalakshmi (2002) performed a comparative study of non pharmacological methods to reduce pain in neonates at Coloba, Mumbai. A randomized study was done to compare non pharmacological methods to reduce the pain of heel pricks in 104 stable term neonates. Rocking, massage, 20% sucrose, distilled water (DW) and Expressed Breast Milk (EBM) was used as pain reducing agents. Duration of cry and Douleur Aigue Nouveau-ne (DAN) score were used to assess pain. Physiological parameters were also recorded before and after the stimulus. At 30 seconds after the stimulus, the pain scores were lowest in the sucrose group but this was not sustained at 1, 2 and 4 minutes. At 2 and 4 minutes pain scores were lowest in the expressed breast milk and rocking groups as compared to sucrose, distilled water, and massage. The total duration of crying was also lowest in the EBM and rocking groups. Blass (2001) conducted a trial on comparison of effects of supplemental breast milk (colostrum) to water and sucrose in procedural pain with 60 full-term neonates. The neonates were between 30 55 hrs of age at the time of blood collection for routine neonatal screening using the heel lance procedure. Two ml of the allocated solution was given either by slow administration via syringe over a span of two minutes or by allowing neonates to suck a pacifier dipped in the solution every 30 seconds for two minutes. Prior to the procedure, baseline data were obtained for 60 seconds and continuous monitoring was done throughout and after the procedure during the recovery time. The outcome of the study showed that there was a reduction in the percentage of crying and grimacing times in the supplemental breast milk group during the procedure. The study had also shown that supplemental breast milk was effective than sucrose in alleviating procedural pain in full term neonates. Ricardo Carbajal, Soocromanien veerapen, Sophie Coudere, Myriam Jà ºgie Yves Ville (2001) performed randomized controlled trial on analgesic effect of breast feeding among one hundred and eighty term neonates at Poissy-Saint German hospital. The study subjects were randomized into four groups, forty five in each group. During venepuncture the group I neonates were breast fed, group II neonates were held in their mothers arms without breast feeding , group III neonates received one ml of sterile water as placebo and group IV neonates were given one ml of 30% glucose followed by pacifier. Video recordings of the procedure were assessed by two observers blinded to the purpose of the study. Pain related behaviours were evaluated with two acute pain rating scales: the Douleur Aigue Nouveau-ne scale and the Premature Infant Pain Profile scale. Analysis of the data revealed that there were significant reductions in both scores for the breast feeding and glucose plus pacifier groups compar ed with the other two groups (p A randomized controlled trial was conducted by Bucher (2000) on comparison of effects of artificial sweetener containing ten parts cyclamate and one part saccharin to glycine (sweet amino acid), expressed breast milk and sterile water among eighty full-term infants. by a nurse not involved in the study. Prior to the procedure, two ml of the allocated solution was given via syringe on the anterior part of tongue and baseline data were obtained throughout and after the procedure during the recovery time. The procedure was video taped and evaluated by two independent observers unaware of allocation. The outcomes measured were reduction of heart rate change, percentage of time crying, facial pain score (five components of NFCS) and body pain score during blood collection. Breast milk group had significant reduction in heart rate change, percentage of time crying, facial pain score and body pain score. The study had shown breast milk has effectiveness than artificial sweetener and sterile water. Okan,  Ozdil,  Bulbul,  Yapici Nuhoglu (2000) conducted study on analgesic effects of skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding in procedural pain in healthy term neonates at Turky. A randomized, controlled trial was conducted among 107 neonates undergoing heel-lance. Neonates were randomly assigned to three groups. Group I were being breastfed with skin-to-skin contact, group II neonates being held in their mothers arms with skin-to-skin contact but no breastfeeding, and group III neonates were made to lie on the table before, during and after painful stimulus. Physiological responses to pain were measured by heart rate and oxygen saturation changes and behavioural responses were measured by duration of crying and grimacing. Heart rate, oxygen saturation changes and length of crying were significantly reduced in groups I and II compared with group III. No differences were found between group I and group II. Grimacing was less in group II than in group III. In healthy term neonat es, skin-to-skin contact with the mother and breastfeeding with skin-to-skin contact reduces both physiological and behavioural pain response. Ors (1999) compared the effects of supplemental breast milk to water and 25% sucrose in procedural pain. This was a randomized controlled trial of 102 healthy term neonates. The neonates were randomized into three groups. Group I received supplemental breast milk, group II received sterile water and group III received 25% sucrose. All neonates underwent heel lance blood sampling by a single performer. The allocated solution was given by syringe into the babys mouth over one minute. The heel prick was performed two minutes after administration of the solution. Crying duration and heart rate at three minutes were recorded from the time of the heel prick. The outcomes measured were crying time, percentage change in heart rate and recovery time for the heart rate. The supplemental breast milk had shown significant reduction in crying time, percentage change in heart rate than the other two groups. Skogsdal (1997) performed a randomized controlled trial among 120 neonates to compare the effects of no intervention to 30% oral glucose, 10% oral glucose and breast milk in procedural pain. The neonates were randomly assigned to one of the following groups (30 neonates in each group).The neonates were studied on mean and standard deviation of fifth neonatal age at the time of blood collection for their routine care using the heel lance procedure. One ml of allocated solution was given via syringe by a nurse not aware of allocation. Prior to the procedure, baseline data were obtained and continuous monitoring was done throughout and after the procedure during the recovery time. The blood collection was performed two minutes after administration of solution. The outcomes measured were heart rate change and duration of crying. The study results showed that breast milk was effective on procedural pain than the glucose solution in newborns. Section D: Studies Related To Using Breast Milk In Other Conditions. Penjvini, Shahasavari, Gazerani Abdolkavand (2009) performed a randomized study on the effectiveness of topical use of human breast milk for diaper rash in hospitalized infants at Sanandaj. The study subjects for the study were 50 newborns, which were divided into two groups. Group I received human breast milk application and group II received zinc oxide ointment. After each diaper change the affected area was cleansed with water followed by application of human breast milk or zinc oxide. Infants were assessed twice a day for three days. The diaper rash were measured by using a sterilized ruler put along the lesions in a way that 32 cm2 = large size, 22 cm2 = moderate size and less than 12 cm2 = small size. There were significant differences between human milk and zinc oxide groups. The researcher concluded that topical application of breast milk was effective treatment for diaper rash. Sergio, Alejandro Palma (2008) conducted a switch from antibiotic eye drops to instillation of mothers milk drops as a treatment of infant epiphora. The management of newborns with signs and symptoms of congenital naso lacrimal duct obstruction was switched from topical antibiotic to topical mothers milk-based regimens. The conservative management of this condition includes frequent cleansing of the lids, digital lacrimal sac massage and application of topical antibiotic drops when there was a mucopurulent discharge. This change was initiated by some others who have applied traditional therapy such as instillation of mothers milk as eye drops. This study concluded that instillation of mothers milk drops had effectiveness than antibiotic eye drops in the treatment of infant epiphora. Gulsen Vural Sezer Kizar (2006) did a case control design on umbilical cord care: comparing topical human milk, povidone iodine and dry cord care, in Urban University Hospital at Turkey. The study subjects were 150 newborns which were divided into three groups. Each group had 50 newborns. Group I received breast milk on t

The Crucible - How John Proctor Changed Essay -- Essay on The Crucible

The Crucible - How John Proctor changed throughout the storyline from mistreating his wife by cheating on her while she was ill with Abigail, to someone who took the blame so no one else got in trouble. The Crucible In this essay I will talk about how John Proctor changed throughout the storyline from mistreating his wife by cheating on her while she was ill with Abigail, to someone who took the blame so no one else got in trouble. The Crucible is based on the true story of the 1692 Salem Witch Trials where people were hanged if they were accused of being a witch. All of them were innocent and wrongly hanged. Arthur Miller has changed some of the play so it would be easier to write about like the girls in crying out has been reduced and Abigail's age has been raised. There were also 7 judges of equal authority which has all been symbolized in Hathorne and Danforth. The story starts out with a group of girls who were caught dancing in the woods by Reverend Parris. He also saw one of them naked in the woods. Next morning Betty falls ill and Parris keeps asking what's wrong with her and what did Abigail do to her. He asks about the devil and Abigail sees this as an opportunity to blame people for being involved with the devil and getting her own back on people. We then see people coming into the house and leaving. Abigail tells all these people who she saw with the devil. Later on we get introduced to John Proctor who was respected in Salem and even feared. He is in his middle thirties and was a farmer. Then in Act2 John Proctor sits down to dinner with his wife, Elizabeth. Mary Warren, their servant, has gone to the witch trials, disobeying Elizabeth's order that she remain in the house. Fourteen... ...eople were acting quickly. At the beginning everybody speaks with the same dialect. He uses goody for names which is short for good wife. And people call each other with mister and miss. This all contributes to the feeling of a different society. Distanced not only by time but by the way it communicated. While we was reading it in class, there was some people who thought that John Proctor took the easy way out and was being selfish by committing suicide and leaving his children and wife to them selves and not standing up to the rest of the village by knowing that people wouldn't like him anymore and if he died then he wouldn't have to put up with that. I think though that he changed during the play and did what was right by trying to do his best and make up to his wife about his mistakes. He changes and tries to take the blame instead of everyone else.

Critical Analysis of Dramatic Irony in Hamlet

Critical Analysis of Dramatic Irony in Hamlet Ophelia loves Hamlet although we believe he doesn’t feel the same way towards her by the way he treats her at certain times in the play, but he truly in the end does show he loved Ophelia. This incident manipulates audience sympathies, develops character and develops the conflict of the play. It manipulates the audience sympathies because it’s showing something that the audience has probably seen in reality.When there’s an incident like this occurring in real life, people will feel sad because of the negative things that are happening to a person. In this incident, the audience knows that she’s been falling for Hamlet, and still the audience would prefer seeing the best outcome happen to Ophelia, though the audience knows the reason for it to not happen, therefore the audience sympathies become manipulated. This incident develops the character because by Hamlet not feeling the way she does towards him, it gives the audience an insight on how Hamlet feels about women.In this case, the audience can see that Hamlet’s disgust of his mother’s sudden marriage makes him become an antagonist towards women. He thinks they’re all alike, easy to persuade like his mother was persuaded by his uncle and in haste too. It develops the conflict of the play because throughout the play, a new negative feeling of Hamlet’s, always becomes expressed, and follows one after another. It builds on to the play, which makes Hamlet say later on, â€Å"to be or not to be. Each time Hamlet feels bad the more he doesn’t value his life and the more he feels like being dead. In conclusion, this is how the incident has an affect. It does so many things to the play, like how it brings out a character, how it reaches out to an audience, and how it builds on the conflict. This incident is one of important parts of the play because without it, we may not see Hamlet the way we see it now.

Self-Driving Trucks Who’s in the Driver’s Seat

Self-Driving Trucks Who’s in the Driver’s Seat It’s a trucker’s worst nightmare- trucks that drive themselves! Getting nervous? Step on the brakes- although there may be a future where all trucks drive themselves and truckers aren’t needed, that future is not quite here yet. TruckersReport.com cuts through the noise and media hype, and sheds some light on the nation’s first self-driving truck, which has just hit the highway. Inspiration, the futuristic new truck imagined by Daimler Trucks North America, is a technological marvel, but it’s not quite ready to face the open road without a capable, qualified trucker in the cab. It has earned a Level 3 (Limited Self-Driving Automation) rating by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, which means that a certified driver must be behind the wheel at all times, even on stretches where it’s legally allowed to assume control of all safety-critical functions. In the event of an emergency, a human driver must be ready to assume control. T herefore, he or she must be road-ready at all times the vehicle is in operation!18What does this mean? Inspiration can only take control during clear, daytime driving on highways. In fact, it has built-in sensors that prevent it from going into auto-pilot mode during sub-optimal conditions- a neat built-in safety feature!So, should you be afraid that the era of the truck driver is rapidly coming to an end? Not anytime soon! Drivers will play an essential role in the shipping and hauling industry for the foreseeable future. Even if truckers were needed less behind the wheel, there are a wealth of other tasks they will be needed to perform, from loading and unloading freight to key administrative tasks, maintenance work, and more. Bottom line: spend less time worrying and more time being the best truck driver you can be!The Nation’s First Self-Driving Truck: Everything You Need To KnowRead More at www.thetruckersreport.com

Essay 3 outline Essays - Information And Communications Technology

Essay 3 outline Essays - Information And Communications Technology Essay 3 outline living in the 21 st century a good thing or a bad thing? Everybody knows that living in the 21st century offers certain advantages and disadvantages. These advantages and disadvantages include stuff like; having internet to help everybody out, having cable, but on the flip side we have more pollution and also have people being less humane. Most people would have to say lives got a whole lot better with internet. The internet has help our lives out so much epically with looking things up, finding where to go, also communicating with others. One example, of looking things up using internet is when you have to do a research paper and need good info you can just search it on the web and find the information you're looking for instead of going and finding books. Another example is finding where to go, for an example you can type in on your g.p.s the address of wherever you need to go and the g.p.s will help you get to your destination instead of using regular maps and try and fique out if you're heading the right way or not. The third example is, communicating with others by using text or email. Now that we understand that the internet helps us with a lot of stuff we can now start talking about cable tv. Who doesn't like having cable. Cable is nice to have because you can watch any sport game or any show you may like and also can watch the weather and the news. Another good about able is you can record a show or movie and watch it later which is better than missing your show completely. Cable is good about the news, so you can be updated unlike waiting for a newspaper to read. Despite of all the easiness we find in nowadays world, one of the main disadvantages of living in the 21st century is that we're living in an increasingly polluted environment. The air is polluted with smog and nuclear fallout, because of all the industries and cars. The water is also polluted with chemical wastes from factories: dead fishes and contaminated drinking water supplies are unfortunately becoming very common things, and the cause of it is the raw sewage from cities and oil spills from ships. A second disadvantage of living in this century is the depersonalization of human relationships. People often interact more with machines than with other people. With the automated vending machines, banks, etc., you don't talk to a person, but with a machine, and our lives are based on numbers. Another thing that increases the distance between people is the tape-recorded telephone answering, since you don't have to talk to people on the phone, because you can just listen to the message later. But, for me, the most alarming problem is the computerized dating services you can find. People are losing their way of dating in real life and the relationships are becoming more and more digital, distant and cold. In conclusion, although the 21st century has indeed given us a lot of advantages by making us freer to enjoy our lives, it has, in my opinion, not made us wiser. The 21st century has also made our earth dirtier, and our people less humane, we should continue to enjoy the benefits of technological advancements because they free us to pursue our interests and goals. However, we must make an effort to preserve our natural environment for future generations. Moreover, we should take the time now to make our lives more meaningful in an increasingly impersonal, computerized world.

Aristotle and Modes of Persuasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aristotle and Modes of Persuasion - Essay Example This essay takes an inauguration speech of USC President C.L. Max Nikias, in which he was attempting to convince his audience that it is time for some sweeping change in direction at the university in just about every facet of its operation, and analyses it using Aristotle's modes of persuasion. It was Aristotle who first identified ethos, pathos and logos. Ethos sounds like ethics and can be thought of as the ethics or character of the person speaking. â€Å"Aristotle says that if we believe that a speaker has ‘good sense, good moral character, and goodwill,’ we are inclined to believe what that speaker says to us†. Since it is almost impossible for us to know people to the same degree as they might have way back then, we tend to depend on the speaker’s credentials – their professional associations, the work that they’ve done, any awards they’ve received. Pathos sounds a little bit like passion and refers to an appeal to the audienceâ €™s emotions. What Aristotle recognized was that people are often moved more by their emotions than they are by their reason. â€Å"Appeals to the emotions and passions are a very effective rhetorical technique, and very common in our society. Many advertisements for consumer goods aim at making us insecure about our attractiveness or social acceptability, and then offer a remedy for this feeling in the form of a product†. Some of the most common emotions that are appealed to are anger, fear and pity because these emotions move people most. Logos sounds like logic and that is what is intended. Logical reasoning means making an argument based on rational thought. An example might be â€Å"if A + B = C and D + B = C then A and D are the same.† Although it might be possible to prove this statement is true mathematically, it is not always the case that logical reasoning is undeniably true. â€Å"Rhetorical arguments are often based on probabilities rather than certain truth †¦ Persuasion, to a large extent, involves convincing people to accept our assumptions as probably true. Similarly, exposing questionable assumptions in someone else’s argument is an effective means for preparing the audience to accept your own contrary position† (Edlund, 2003). While these three elements of a persuasive argument can be pulled out and discussed individually, in reality, they tend to function together. Within his speech to the students, Dr. Nikias combines all of these elements together in his attempt to convince his audience that he is about to lead this

An Organizations Performance and Macro-environmental Factors Essay

An Organizations Performance and Macro-environmental Factors - Essay Example The macro-environment of a business is understood through assessing the four factors, a process regarded as the PEST (Political, Economical, Social, and Technological) analysis (Thompson, 2002). This paper is a critique of Abercrombie and Fitch, which is a retail organization dealing with textile products such as men and women wear. It presents a PEST analysis as well as a competitive audit of the organization, with GAP Inc. Tommy Hilfiger Corporation and Urban Outfitters as the main competitors. The paper also presents an analysis of the threat of new entrants, the power of buyers, substitute products, bargaining power of suppliers and competitive rivalry, as well as an internal analysis of the organization. It highlights primary support services, as well as a SWOT analysis the firm. The organization has been faced with political influences although they have not affected its productivity. It operates under the UK employment laws that protect the rights of all people who have attained the age of employment. The organization has been faced with various cases involving individuals who feel that they have been marginalized in employment opportunities. Discrimination of potential employees can have negative impacts on the organization. Moreover, there are laws that protect consumers from unscrupulous businessmen, which are meant to prevent low-quality products from entering the UK market. However, the organization is not affected by government influence since its products are of high quality and it also adheres to the required quality. Employees are hired according to merit and therefore there are no cases. The organization has not fallen victim of terrorist activities or military  invasion since the UK is a politically stable nation (James, 1998). The organization operates under the protection of the WTO and it has experienced a steady growth.

Final paper with Annotated Bibliography - explore any aspect of the Essay

Final paper with Annotated Bibliography - explore any aspect of the connection between the arts and society - Essay Example Good education is equated with employability such that the primordial concern of schools is to teach children how to read, write and compute so they can find their suitable place in the workforce. There is no question that literacy in English, math, science and history is critical in the technology-driven society of today but there is a growing interest in the concept that arts in fact offer a vast learning opportunity that should be offered to all children from the earliest grades. New research concerning the relationship between learning and the arts suggests that the study of music from a very early age, for example, alters the very structure of the brain and allows students to perform better on tests. This paper explores the connection between art and society by attempting to find any relevance of art education to the proper development of an individual. Its main interest is the issue of whether the school system can be efficient without an arts program in the curricula. The current global problems are traced to the purely rational and materialistic way of thinking. To reestablish harmony in our lives and in our eco-system, there must be heightened recognition of the importance of creativity and spirituality through the arts (Laszlo online). In this worldview, art is merely a leisure activity that provides pleasure and enjoyment and its study can therefore be abandoned anytime in favor of activities that make use of time â€Å"more profitably, efficiently and satisfactorily (Treumann, 1993).† Art appreciation is fit only for a gifted few, and if children have to study literature or musical notes and join visits to museums and art galleries, this is only done as part of one’s education and it is the socially proper thing to do. But recent studies show that such preoccupation with letters and numbers makes for learning environments that are dull, boring and

Stevensons opening in Dr. Jekyll Essay Example for Free

Stevensons opening in Dr. Jekyll Essay The novels Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, written in 1885, and The Body Snatchers, written in ______ can be seen as novels with a gothic genre as well as mystery stories. They allow the reader to become captivated and absorbed within the text so that they can find out the intriguing nature of the novel, coming across as the story unfolds via clues and hints as to what twists are involved in the plot and characters to unveil the mystery. In the era these novels were written, they were the first in their kind in terms of the gothic genre and as mysterious texts where the turn of events or the characters behaviour was not predictable. They can be considered as novels which look at the darker side of a persons capabilities, this was a new concept to the Victorians in the 19th Century. The book, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde raises issues of and supports the concept of the dual nature of man, Victorian hypocrisy, the bestial nature of man and the experimentation with science and drugs. The issues within the book created a whole new genre in the nineteenth century for such books including The Body Snatchers and Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, which can also be categorised into this genre. In this essay I will explore Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde as a mystery and a gothic story. I will include historical, social and cultural knowledge of the Victorian era and compare this to The Body Snatchers as both mystery and gothic stories. I will also discuss the meaning behind the stories and the effect it has on the reader. In the Victorian era the concept of a man having or being able to have a dual nature was unthinkable. They did not believe that something like that could be possible, where a person could combine both the good self and the bad self within one individual, this theory was not supported by the beliefs they had, unlike today where the possibility of a split personality is not unknown or unthinkable. This was until a social scientist, James Hogg introduced the concept of the individual psyche = externalisation verses internalisation, the second self. It is from this theory that doppleganger originates from, In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Stevenson introduces this theory into 19th Century literature where Dr Jekyll is the good, which from Hoggs theory says is controlled by the right side of the brain and Mr Hyde is the evil character, which according to the theory is controlled by the left side of his brain, it is the one person with the two very different personalities struggling against each other. Stevenson has shown reflected this theory through the characters, Dr Jekyll being good and Mr Hyde being the evil side of the same person. In The Body Snatchers, this concept of the dual nature of a man, Stevenson portrays through Fettes as a young man, who when he awakens after the ordeal as an older man, his evil side comes through while he is under the influence of Dr Macfarlane. The Victorians were very religious people, for centuries it was believed that people had originated or created directly by God, the thought of evolution had never occurred until Darwins theory, the Theory of Evolution in 1859. This shocked the Victorians the thought that they had evolved and where in a sense the descendents of primates, revealing that they were no longer superior beings would have been the biggest shock to people in that era. Darwins theory and beliefs were rejected and associated with both blasmafy and evil. The theory had been rejected and placed to one side, however the thought and the fear associated with Darwins work lived on with the people. Stevenson brings a hint of Darwins theory of evolution to his novel in the form of Hydes character. The bestial nature of a man is portrayed in the evil side, as he is described as ape-like with descriptions of his stance compared to an animal, he stoops like a monkey and he was heard making grunting noises like an animal. These descriptions would drive fear into the reader in the 19th Century as it reflects on Darwins theory of Evolution. In The Body Snatchers, Stevenson has used the bestial nature again to describe the actions of the characters to enhance the evil calious of their actions. As two vultures may swoop upon a dying lamb, Fettes and Mcfarlane were to let loose upon a grave. This description compares the characters actions to animals desecrating corpses, it is descriptive of what they are about to do, which reflects the bestial nature of a man. The movements of Mcfarlane reflect his bestial nature, dart like a serpent, Stevensons use of similes create both atmosphere and clear images of the characters involving the reader. Stevenson uses animal words to describe the charters and their actions which do reflect Darwins theory and would be very significant for a reader in the Victorian era. During the Victorian times, society and a persons social standing was very important, it was highly regarded, with more emphasis put on it than in todays society. Men who demanded respect in society, the upper class or the professional were expected to appear to be gentlemen at all times, they had a certain standard they had to uphold when in public. Noblemen looked the part as they were well bred, upstanding and respectable within their social class with the manners and the educational background to match. This was somewhat different to the activities that took place behind closed doors, where they could be who they really where and fulfil all their whims of drinking, gambling and whatever else they desired regardless of how it would be viewed in society. It was acceptable as it was going on behind closed doors. Noblemen did not practise what they preached and were in fact, hypocrites, a person who pretends to be more virtuous than they really are. The behaviour was known in society, however it was never acknowledged or mentioned that they hid dark secrets. Many critics even suspect that Jekyll and Hyde was a self-administration by Stevenson of his own dark nature. Victorian hypocrisy is an underlying theme Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, with it being represented by Dr Jekyll I was the first that could thus plod in the public eye with a load of genial respectability, and in the moment, like a schoolboy, strip off these lendings and spring headlong into the sea of liberty. In this quote he is explaining that with Hyde is able to behave how he really wants to, by acting freely to fulfil all desires and not losing any of his social standing or grace. The hypocrisy here lies with the main character, Dr Jekyll represents the respectable nobleman while Mr Hyde reflects Dr Jekylls acts behind closed doors, he is the side that can be ruthless in society as he cannot be recognised as Dr Jekyll and therefore he does not lose any social grace within his social circle or in society. Dr Jekyll makes excuses for what his evil side does, either something cruel and harmful or something appalling by saying It was Hyde, after all and Hyde alone that was guilty. This is Jekylls way of clearing his conscious of all the unsocial crimes he commits. He accepts no responsibility for his own creation, Hyde and is therefore a hypocrite because he wants to have the social standing and respect in society in addition to fulfilling his darker side. Stevenson shows us how he deals with his own hypocrisy by paying for Hydes actions, paying a cheque for trampling on the little girl. Through his actions of payment he is trying to keep his respectable image as an upstanding citizen that he portrays, although it is due to his own guilt of knowing about Hydes actions and not stopping them in some way. In The Body Snatchers, Stevenson has not included this theme of Victorian Hypocrisy so extensively, he touches on it slightly, with Fettes, the young doctor with the respect and social standing who changed himself from being young and irresponsible, who was highly influenced by peer pressure, After a night of turbulent pressures the ordeal changed him for the better, the author is reflecting and portraying the different sides of a person and how man can be influenced especially when it is for the worse. The author also uses, Dr Macfarlane to portray hypocrisy, who breathing, as he did, of wealth and consideration, was a murderer with a black soul underneath, this quotation represents the hypocrisy of the character because in society he is view as a respectable nobleman who is wealthy and is well to do, however he is committing a huge social crime by being a murderer. A character who is well known can commit such crimes and get away with them this represents hypocrisy. Both these novels by Stevenson fit into the gothic genre. This is depicted through the descriptions and images the author creates for the reader to use. Atmosphere and settings are also important for the gothic genre as it is used to set the scenes and allow to reader to visualise the backdrop to where the crimes or the acts of horror are taking place. The settings allow the author to build up tension and suspense for the reader adding to the gothic nature of this genre in the novels. Within the gothic genre are the authors use of setting and scenery, which contribute largely to the essence of it. Both the novels have been set in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is set in London, while The Body Snatchers is set in Edinburgh. This has relevance to the genre as a gothic story will usually have the background setting of a major well known city, which the people who read the novel or story will be able to relate to. The concept of Pathetic Fallousy, the weather descriptions are very important to this genre as the settings and the descriptive nature set the scene for what is going to happen. The weather is significant as bad or horrific scenes are associated with bad weather, setting the atmosphere and mood for the events of the story. In Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde the concept of pathetic fallousy provides a major connection in this novel as the gothic atmosphere allows the reader to visually set the scene. The weather references are gothic in nature, descriptions of the rain, the extensive grey skies and clouds. The descriptive detail of the town the abandoned street, the broken down area surrounding them, the atmosphere created allows the reader to experience what it would feel like, the dark nights with the faded distant sounds allow the reader to feel involved. The fog still slept on the wing above the drowned city, where the lamps glimmer like carbuncles; and through the muffle and smother of these fallen clouds. This quote represents the way in which the author engrosses the reader into the text with a very effective atmosphere surrounding detailed description. Stevenson has achieved a very descriptive image of the town, the context important to the concept of pathetic fallousy are the weather words of fog and clouds The Body Snatchers weather descriptions and atmospheric settings are consistent with this genre, they are continuous through out the novel, which reinforces the idea and the gothic nature of the novel at all times to the reader. With the descriptions Stevenson is able to set the scene of the town with the atmosphere enclosing it. There was a thin, bright moonshine, it was bitter cold windy and frosty the town had not yet awakened. This quote tells us that the town was yet to known the events of the night before. When an author uses pathetic fallousy, it allows them to convey future events to the reader as it enables them to connect the mood of the events or actions in the novel with the weather conditions. In gothic genre novels, the worse the weather conditions the worse the event which is or has taken place. If the weather conditions are foggy, stormy, windy and generally unfavourable it makes the reader think that something bad or disturbing mite occur, under a blanket of bad weather. It adds to the readers anticipation, holding there interests with the descriptions allowing the reader to actually feel and visualise the background settings, into the black night. Another part of the gothic genre is the use of descriptive words which creates imagery in the mind of the reader. Stevensons opening in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde begins with a character description of Hyde. This is a strong opening, shocking the reader from the start, as he is not a pleasant figure. This opening sets the tone for the whole novel, making the reader curious as to who or what that figure is. Questions are put in the mind of reader from the descriptive gothic nature of the novel. Stevenson combined the gothic genre with Darwins theory of Evolution successfully with reference to Hyde. He is numerously referred to as bestial, this is supportive of the theory that humans are superior beings but have evolved from animals. His nature is not human like, he has behaviour void of any emotion to the people he attacks, like an animal. Stevenson uses words relating to his bestial nature to describe particular aspects of him like his voice, enhancing the overall image the reader has created, as husky. It creates imagery of a dog / wolf like creature making Hyde more real to the reader as they can image what he sounds like. Hydes presence made people fear him because of his appearance, when he was sighted he was described as ugly but his features were indescribable but somewhat deformed.